Whirlpools 101: how they form, are they dangerous, and how to survive one

SCIENCE

BY CHRISTOPHER MCFADDEN 

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A whirlpool is a rotating body of water that occurs when two currents meet or one current hits a wall.

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Whirlpools can emerge in various sizes depending on the amount of water and the intensity of the interacting waves.

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The majority of these phenomena are usually not dangerous. However, certain whirlpools can be extremely strong and hazardous.

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A maelstrom is described as a whirlpool that is especially "large, forceful, or violent."

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Technically speaking, the correct phrase for a whirlpool with a downdraft is a vortex.

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Tides frequently generate whirlpools in maritime straits with narrow channels and swiftly moving water.

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 Even though only small boats are in danger, there are stories of craft getting pulled into a "whirlpool."

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Smaller whirlpools can be seen downstream of artificial structures like weirs, dams, and near river rapids. Large cascades, like Niagara Falls, can also create strong whirlpools.

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